Gap Model Approach Towards Measuring Customer Satisfaction

Introduction This report is based on The Northern Breast Screening Unit (NBSU) and its aim is to critically evaluate the use of the GAP model approach towards measuring customer satisfaction. It will further explain the advantages and disadvantages of this tool for managers to measure service delivery at NBSU. Further, it will assess the quality of the service which is being provided by NBSU based upon the results of their recent patient satisfaction survey. Furthermore, it will compare and contrast the different perceptions of the service received by the two patient groups. It will also explore how the three staff members differ in their understanding of the patient’s priorities and perceptions. Finally, recommendations will be made to NBSU management to help improve their service quality management. Gap Models A GAP model approach refers to the following five Gaps of service quality in operations in which a Gap Model is split. (Parasuraman et al, 1985). Gap number one, positioning, is where the customer’s expectations of the organisation versus what are the management perceptions of these customer expectations. Gap number two, specification, is when management perceptions of the customer’s expectations versus the design of service specification. Gap number three, delivery, is the service designed for customers versus the actual service being delivered to the customer. Gap number four, communication, is the service being delivered versus the service that wasShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review : Key Concepts Theories And Theories1125 Words   |  5 Pagesscholarly material and to understanding gaps relating to the research area the questions pose. Meharabian and Russell (1974) proposed a theoretical model in which they discussed how service environment stimulates the customer’s emotions and there by influences their behavioural intentions. In this model quality of a customer’s experience is measured by measuring the emotions of pleasure, arousal and dominance (PAD). Pleasure comes from happiness or satisfaction, arousal is derived from excitement basedRead MoreService Quality And Quality Management Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesService quality can be defined as the reflection of service delivery by finding the gap between the perceived service and expected service. There are 8 dimensions for quality , they are performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, service ability, aesthetics, perceived quality and value. Total quality management depend mainly on quality control tools and previously developed quality techniques. It’s a process of continuous quality improvementRead MoreWhy Non Verbal Communication Is Importance4940 Words   |  20 PagesAnalysing the Use of the SERVQUAL Model to Measure Service Quality in Specific-Industry Contexts Mr. Tameem Al Bassam PhD Researcher tameem.albassam@brunel.ac.uk Information Systems Evaluation and Integration Group (ISEing) Brunel Business School Brunel University Uxbridge, UB8 3PH Middlesex UK Phone: +44 (0) 1895266025 Dr. Sarmad Al Shawi Lecturer sarmad.alshawi@brunel.ac.uk Information Systems Evaluation and Integration Group (ISEing) Brunel Business School Brunel University Uxbridge, UB8 3PHRead MoreResearch Project29890 Words   |  120 PagesUsing the SERVQUAL Model to assess Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction. An Empirical study of grocery stores in Umea. Authors: Chingang Nde Daniel Lukong Paul Berinyuy Supervisor: Sofia Isberg Student Umeà ¥ School of Business Spring semester 2010 Master thesis, one-year, 15 hp Abstract Service quality and customer satisfaction are very important concepts that companies must understand in order to remain competitive in business and hence grow. It is very importantRead MoreA Conceptual Study on the Relationship Between Service Quality Towards Customer Satisfaction: Servqual and Gronroos’s Service Quality Model Perspective6825 Words   |  28 PagesAsian Social Science; Vol. 8, No. 13; 2012 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education A Conceptual Study on the Relationship between Service Quality towards Customer Satisfaction: Servqual and Gronroos’s Service Quality Model Perspective Muhammad Sabbir Rahman1, Abdul Highe Khan2 Md. Mahmudul Haque2 1 2 Graduate School of Management, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, International IslamicRead MoreMeasurement of Sevice Quality of Apollo Using Servqual12789 Words   |  52 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Service firms like other organizations are realizing the significance of customer-centered philosophies and are turning to quality management approaches to help manage their businesses. This paper starts with the concept of service quality and demonstrates the model of service quality gaps. SERVQUAL as an effective approach has been studied and its role in the analysis of the difference between customer perceptions and expectations has been highlighted with support of measurement of qualityRead MoreService Quality Of The Hotel Industry1862 Words   |  8 Pagesguests expectation and perception, customer satisfaction in the hospitality industry as well as the gap model that is used by parasuramanal. on foreign and local past articles that are also related to this study. 2.1 Service Quality Service quality is not objectively measured according to some technical standards but is subjectively felt by customers and measured relative to customer-determined standards (Kwortnik, 2005). Hence, the service quality is the gap between perceived services deliveredRead MoreThe Basic Elements Of Tqm Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pageseventually dipping the overall quality of the care. [1] The basic elements of TQM: A. Customer Focus: The customer is the judge of quality. From the TQ perspective, all strategic decisions a healthcare institute makes are â€Å"customer driven†. Customer driven firms measure the factors that drive customer satisfaction. The perception of value and satisfaction are infused by many factors through the customers overall purchase, ownership and services. Also reducing defects and error and eliminatingRead MoreCrm Qci Model2134 Words   |  9 PagesCustomer Relationship Management | | | | | | Contents page Introduction 1 What is Customer Relationship Management? 1 QCi Model 2 Elements of QCi Model 2 Executive Summary 8 Reference 9 Appendix 10 Introduction Even though the interaction between a company and its customers exists long time the expression of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) has only been used since the early 1990s. IT companiesRead MoreQuality in Services5877 Words   |  24 Pagesexternal customers. Quality serves as the bridge between the producer of goods or services and its customer.† -Johnson Weinstein â€Å"Quality is( consistent conformance to customer’s expectations.† –Stack et al ( â€Å"Quality is a predictable degree of uniformity at a low cost with a quality suited to the market.† -Deming â€Å"Higher quality has a beneficial( effect on both revenues and cost.† -Gummesson Why Quality Matters? In this increasingly competitive world, customers are in a

The Fight for Bilingual Education and Women’s Rights in...

The Civil Rights movement, during the 1960s and 1970s, created many changes for both American society and its schools. The transformations were the result of such movements as Bilingual Education, women’s’ rights activity, and the passing of the Public Law 94-142 legislation. The incorporation of these new laws and ideas into society all came with their own consequences. Each of them helped, in some way, to lessen the inequality of minority groups in America, like students whose primary language was not English, women, and handicapped children. They also faced opposition by certain groups, who did not feel that their inclusion in American life was necessary. Those fighting for the minorities, though, were steadfast in their†¦show more content†¦The third approach, bilingual education, suggested teaching the student’s native language and English equally. According to Urban and Wagoner in American Education: A History, â€Å"advocates of this last approach sometimes emphasized biculturalism as well and bilingualism† (ibid.). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;These attempts were both supported and opposed by various parties. Those who defended incorporation of bilingual education into American schools included politicians and other Hispanic leaders, who were trying to prevent assimilation. Opposers included â€Å"teachers, Anglo politicians, and some Hispanic intellectuals†, who thought that it was important for the children to assimilate in to the society (ibid.). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Women’s rights activity also became popular in the 1960s, but did not have many large effects on the schools. Teachers did not want to be involved with the feminists, and so the activists also distanced themselves from the teachers. The hard work and determination of the feminists did though, bring about the passing of the Title IX of the Higher Education Act in 1972 (ibid., 320). This act instilled gender equality in institutions of higher education, and has played a monumental role in regulating fairness among the sexes in colleges and universities. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Title IXShow MoreRelatedThe 1960’s: Decade of Disillusionment992 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1960’s and early 1970’s were a time that eternally changed the culture and humanity of America. It was a time widely known for peace and love when in reality; many minorities were struggling to gain a modicum of equality and freedom. It was a time, in which a younger generation rebelled against the conventional norms, questioning power and government, and insisting on more freedoms for minorities. In addition, an enormous movement began rising in opposition to the Vietnam War. 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To focus on performance, each department and every employee have HR managers participate in developing strategies and ensure that human resource dimensions are considered. almost 18%Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesin 10/12 ITC Legacy Serif Book by Aptaracorp, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Kendallville. The cover was printed by Courier/Kendallville. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright  © 2010, 2007, 2005, 2002 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108Read MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesDINGELL (for himself, Mr. RANGEL, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. GEORGE MILLER of California, Mr. STARK, Mr. PALLONE, and Mr. ANDREWS) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committees on Education and Labor, Ways and Means, Oversight and Government Reform, the Budget, Rules, Natural Resources, and the Judiciary, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within theRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesThe Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. 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Sloboat Case Study Free Essays

Sloboat Case Study March 7, 2013 Capstone Seminar Sean McNamara, Matthew Sylvia, Michael Regghetio Analysis of Sloboat Case Study In this case we take on the role of Rick Craner, the financial accountant for Sloboat Shipping Inc. Rick is faced with compiling, organizing, and evaluating the company’s financial activity for the 2012 fiscal year. We are provided with several notes on Sloboat financial transactions, and we are tasked with sorting through these transactions to provide a suitable evaluation and presentation of Sloboat’s financial standings at the end of the 2012 fiscal year. We will write a custom essay sample on Sloboat Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is important to look at all of the transactions described in the case study before moving forward. The case study broke down these transactions into â€Å"financing† and â€Å"investing†. The following are transactions that occurred under â€Å"financing†: * 7% bonds payable issued on November 1, 2010 * Bonds pay interest semi-annually on May 1st and November 1st * Market interest rate on the date of issuance had been 8% * SSI decided to retire 50% of the 7% bonds on August 1, 2011 * Additional 30,000 common shares issued on June 14, 2011 * Common dividend of $0. 5 per common share on December 1, 2011 with date of record of December 5th and distribution on December 20th The following are transactions that occurred under â€Å"investing†: * SSI owned 250, 7. 5% bonds of â€Å"OnCap Financial†, purchased in late fiscal 2011, bonds paid interest on March 1st and September 1st and set to mature on March 1, 2014. On January 31, 2012, the market decrea sed to 5% and SSI sold all the outstanding bonds. * SSI owned 20,000 shares in Lowland Resources. On October 2, 2011 SSI received a 5% stock dividend. Each share was trading at $22. 62. On December 15, 2011 SSI decided to sell 60% of its holdings (12,000 stocks). SSI paid a $400 brokerage fee. On February 29, 2012, the remaining shares were trading at Statement of Financial Position| As at February 28, 2011| | | | | | ASSETS| | | | | Current Assets:| | | | | Cash| $| 12,736 | | Bond Investing Recievable| | 9,375 | | Trading Investment-Stocks| | 468,600 | | Trading Investments-Bonds| | 260,156 | | Inventory| | 47,987 |   | | | | | 798,854 | Property, Plant, and Equipment| | 742,108 |   | | | | | 742,108 | Total Assets| | | | 1,540,962 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liablities Shareholder’s Equity| | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities:| | | | | Bond interest payable| $| 23,333 | | Dividends payable| | 11,250 |   | | | | | 34,583 | | | | | | Long-term liabilities:| | | | | 7% Bonds Payable(1,000 bonds; mautres 11/1/15)| | 961,694 |   | | | | | 961,694 | Total Liabilities| | | | 996,277 | | | | | | | | | | | Shareholders’ equity| | | | | $2. 25 cumlative, non-convertible preferred stock| | 37,500 | | 150,000 authorized; 5,000 outstanding| | | | Common stock| | 253,000 | | 500,000 authorized; 20,000 outstanding| | | | Stock dividend to be distributed| | 15,430 | | Retained earnings| | 238,755 |   | Total Shareholders’ equity| | | 544,685 | | | | | | Total liabilities and Shareholders’ equity | | | $1,540,962 | | | | | | Cash Reciepts and Disbursements| For Fiscal 2012| | | | | | Cash Reciepts| | | | | Common Shares| $| 610,500 | | Bond Investment| | 18,750 | | | | | | Trading investing – Bonds| | 272,331 | | Trading investing – Stocks| | 268,610 | | Total| | $| 1,170,191 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cash Disbursements| | | | | 7% Bonds Payable| $| 528,517 | | Bond interest| | 52,500 | | Dividends| | 30,150 | | Total| | $| 611,167 | | * $19. 45 (8,000 stocks). Statement of Financial Position| As at February 28, 2012| | | | | | ASSETS| | | | | Current Assets:| | | | | Cash| $| (468,111)| | Bond Investing Recievable| | 9,375 | | Trading Investment-Stocks| | 468,600 | | Trading Investments-Bonds| | 310,644 | | Inventory| | 47,987 |   | | | | | 368,495 | Property, Plant, and Equipment| | 742,108 |   | | | | | 742,108 | Total Assets| | | | 1,110,603 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liablities Shareholder’s Equity| | | | Liabilities| | | | | Current liabilities:| | | | | Bond interest payable| $| 73,821 | | Dividends payable| | 11,250 |   | | | | | 85,071 | | | | | | Long-term liabilities:| | | | 7% Bonds Payable(1,000 bonds; mautres 11/1/15)| | 480,847 |   | | | | | 480,847 | Total Liabilities| | | | 565,918 | | | | | | | | | | | Shareholders’ equity| | | | $2. 25 cumlative, non-convertible preferred stock| | 37,500 | | 150,000 authorized; 5,000 outstanding| | | | Common stock| | 253,000 | | 500,000 authorized; 20,000 outstanding| | | | Stock dividend to be distributed| | 15,430 | | Retained earnings| | 238,755 |   | Total Shareholders’ equity| | | 544,685 | | | | | | Total liabilities and Shareholders’ equity | | | $1,110,603 | | | | | | Cash Reciepts and Disbursements| For Fiscal 2013| | | | | | Cash Reciepts| | | | | Common Shares| $| 610,500 | | Bond Investment| | 18,750 | | | | | Trading investing – Bonds| | 272,331 | | Trading investing – Stocks| | 268,610 | | Total| | $| 1,170,191 | | | | | | | | | | | | Cash Disbursements| | | | 7% Bonds Payable| $| 528,517 | | Bond interest| | 52,500 | | Dividends| | 30,150 | | Total| | $| 611,167 | | Bond Interest Payable $33659. 29 Bonds Payable $480847 Bond Interest Payable $16829. 50 Bond Interest Payable $33659. 29 Bonds Payable $480847 Bond Interest Payable $16829. 50 Trading Investments bonds $33659. 29 Cash $480847 Trading Investment Bond $16829. 50 Trading Investments bonds $33659. 29 Cash $480847 Trading Investment Bond $16829. 50 Debit Credit How to cite Sloboat Case Study, Free Case study samples

Concept and Application of Practical

Question: Discuss about the Concept and Application of Practical. Answer: Introduction: Trespass to persons means directly interfering with the liberty of an individual or intentional interference with a persons body without has been granted the permission or authority do so. This violation of the right of a person falls within the jurisdiction of the kings court and henceforth there are allegations that the trespass was indeed committed. Irrespective of whether there is truth in the matter in the facts the proprietary is supposed to be observed as having brought the action to the court for settlement of the dispute. Forms of trespass to a person generally are divided into three, these are: assault, battery and false imprisonment. However the wrong purported to have been committed must be in a direct means in such a way that the jury will be able to reach the judgment of the actions with ease and place penalties and sue for damages where necessary. The invaded interest of a particular person with prove and justification can serve as the basis upon which the court can sue the plaintiff on final judgment as there exists prove of justification. If the invasion was indirect in nature there could not be any liability to the protected interest because there was no ill intention. The principle of tort can be united together with the concept of assault and battery when discussing law of persons to base the idea that recovery of compensation for the suffering party. The third party may also be liable in the circumstances where delegation took place or administering of interest or estate of a deceased person. The term tort is a civil wrong which constitutes offences that have been committed and causes injury to another person. However the plaintiff is not the only one who is liable hence there is fair consideration where the defendant is seen to act unlawfully. The law of persons makes sure that recognition of the fact that both parties are subject to the jurisdiction under the court of law subsidiary civil law. The torts are actionable per se which means they can be applied without prove of action in order to protect the civil rights against violation. The most basic wrong such as using the finger print without consentient from the owner constitutes a tort actionable in order to protect the dignity of the person even though no physical damage that occurred. Trespass to a person is Assault Classification as torts, in these scenario criminal proceedings may be conducted against the offender to bring upon compensation for the affected party. An assault is a threat or an attempt to do harm to another person accompanied with intention to perform the malicious damage to another human. The act may demoralize the person either in the organization and working environment or a mere comment. The signs of the assault are messages formally and verbally to a person threatening the enjoyment of aright without any justifiable grounds. The assault is the action of defendant which causes apprehension which is reasonable of the infliction. Battery on the other hand occurs when there is contact with the other person in a physical form and hurting in a way those sensory nerves detects pain on the body. Holding hand upwards against another person in a threatening way that leads to even screams from the frightened person contributes to an assault. Heilman (2001) Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes prevent womens ascent up the organizational ladder. The assault comes before battery but in circumstances where there is unseen assailant the assault can identified in any dimension provided the verbal took place to the inflicted and apprehension can be justified henceforth. Telephone conversation to another with threats which are indiscipline in nature can be termed as an assault. Accomplishment of a battery cannot take place without physical contact taking place hence it will be only a mere assault until the defendant makes the move. Spitting on the face of another human being where the mucus heavily lands on him with a thud amounts to a battery. Holding another person by the collar and pulling him towards the opposing direction constitutes to battery and this especially occurs in many homesteads where the defendants takes it lightly and says that they only held the cloth without touching the body. In Thomas vs. Num (1985) the complainants were members of a union of mineworkers. In 1984 the commissioning branch head which controlled the miners and the entire union decided to go on strike and thus formed an industrial action. The plaintiff unlike the expectations of the leaders of the union did not take part in the strike since they resisted. They embar ked on their work while the rest were involved in the unrest. Battery The branch did not take it lightly and they abused and used violence to the plaintiff to an extent that made police to be involved. The plaintiff did not just keep quiet and they proceeded with placing injunctions against the branch, its officials and trustees. In this case picketing of the colliery gates was an actionable tort which amounts to a civil wrong. Intimidation of other people and blocking even the roads accessed by these miners was also present in complains that were brought forward. Obstruction and unlawful interference is another matter that was given the priority criminal offences act. However it was held that picketing did not amount to wrong since it was an offence under section seven. Picketing of the gates was not actionable because it caused no special damage since pickets were held back from the vehicles in a separate place entirely from the working miners. The plaintiff failed to prove beyond reasonable doubt and thus picketing could not be a point of discussion as long as the complainant used the same grounds hence they were not torturous. Mass picketing is common law nuisance hence the defendants are entitled to immunity from this offence. Lee (2007) Gender effects and investor reactions to the announcements of top executive appointments. The judge dismissed the plaintiff application since there were no any arguable cases to be used as a reference for implementation of the law of persons against the defendant. The plaintiff lost the case and he was not to commence any further legal hearing from the moment jury was reached as not guilty. Grandly (2007) said the framing of female executive profiles in Canadian business. The case of Amanda Lang made the news in Canada where the star was caught up in conflict of interest by the CBS. The scandal entailed working on behalf of the Royal bank of Canada in the year 2015, this action by Lang made other journalist furious and their intention to sue their partner was witnessed by their unfriendly actions. McNish (2011) Quiet revolution that Report on Business. Case scenario Kathy who was among the reporters who let the cat out of the bag about the story bravely spoke and portrayed the actions of the journalist were not in line with the accepted code of conduct. She argued that CBs had refused to answer the questions that she asked and also did not get any response from Lang and instead she continues to pursue her dream career despite the allegations that were raised against her. The issue if trust emancipated in this case because Amanda was not in a position to be entrusted property or exercise of other rights while in the company premises. The illusion of neutrality is the major cause of rotten journalism in Canada hence the politics interference by the nationalists perceives the idea in another dimension. Mc Elgunn (2009) Canadas entrepreneurs and the turbulencs faced in investments of the decade. The background research found out that the Central bank of Canada had been cruel back in the year 2013 hence any reporter who justified the situations and the liable party in present could sue for damages. Koller (2004) Businesswomen and war metaphors: Possessive, jealous and pugnacious. Amanda had received payment from the Royal bank of Canada amounting to $ 15000 in order to represent the bank at a conference in the event that was held to make the bank appear on top of other banking institutions. When interviewed by the chief executive of the bank she termed the story as unfair and discriminates against her enjoyment to the title of the journalist In Amanda Lang case the defendant is herself against the large media and the reporter Kathy Tomlinson is the complainant or rather the plaintiff. The reporter spots out that there is conflict of interest between the bank and Amanda and thus the law of persons is applied to sue for any verbal harm of words spoken at the conference. The cruel practice that the bank was undertaking in order to benefit in a selfish way was manipulation of power. Ebner (2011) Printing money and report on business is a lawful act by the bank officials. The employees of the bank were in a position to identify the fault practices but failed to raise their grievances to the media in fear of losing their jobs. The security of their job would be compromised if at all the workers attempted to speak ill about the operations of the bank. The plaintiff is the reporter who represents the voices of the minority in the society and the infliction of their rights. The reporter has the authority to raise concern as the institution is public and the regulations that are supposed to be complied with are not followed. Kingston (2005) the claims why women cant get ahead in the globe and mail. The defendant on the other hand has the defense in that she could say that she acted in good faith without any knowledge of the malicious act by the bank to exercise its monopoly power in a negative manner. She used the defense that only the required information that was spoken and hence she did not add her own message to the media. The court of law can allow her to place the blame on Royal bank of Canada where Amanda Lang can act safely and also sue the bank for trespass into her rights under the law of persons. The defamation of the content that she gave out at the convention could cause her imprisonment hence the bank is liable and sue for damages. Alice (2002) argues the role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders in Psychological Review. There is conflict with media by Leslie Roberts who resigned from the global television following the allegations that he owned part of the public relation firm. Global was in consent that Robert owned part of the company where it was a show. Gill (2007) said there is relationship between gender and the media. Journalist were not supposed to be entitle to any ownership of the named communication firms in which they intentionally promote those interests of the persons clients rather than the legitimate new stories. The accused person was the journalist by the name of Robert who engaged in conflict of interest. Global News was within its legal and also the professionalism rights and the upheld duties forced terminate Roberts from the show. He was entitled to zero influence over how stories were aired. Hewlett (2005) Off-ramps and on-ramps: Keeping talented women on the road to success. Kashif Khan, co-founder of the company and the managing director gave out the statement that demoted Robert from the position that he held in the company. The issue of public relations is on the rise where neither Mr. Khan nor Robert follows the professional code of conduct and th ethics that govern how the journalist should behave in such a scenario. Mr. Khan is not capable of suing Robert because the profession that he has been trained for is that of an auctioneer. The seller of diamonds as he is being referred by the writers in Canada lacks the core skills. Remedies He was also in the danger of being fired and removed by the vote of no confidence by the committee that constituted the watchdogs of the company and majority shareholders. The case is a difficult scenario since under the circumstances that the plaintiff was not qualified to sue Robert. Dias (2009) claims Good medicine in financial Post Magazine should be emphasized. There is fact that the managing director is also liable. Heldman (2009) Sexism in media coverage of vice presidential candidates and the Social Science. There is incompetency and misleading the company members and the shareholders that Robert was the right employee for the job can Place him in controversy and also be sued for damages and breach of the contract. The complainant is Khan the senior most manager of the company that owns the show. Johnston (2003) Undermining mothers content analysis of the representation of mothers in magazines. He takes the necessary step of firing the employee who has been engaging in malpra ctices. Linda (2002) Re-presenting women executives: Valorization and de revalorization in US. Conclusion The defendant is Robert who have committed the crime as under the law of persons he has used the words to refer to his own clients as potential and worthy instead of complying and working to the best interest of the company. He is thus liable for the loss incurred and thus the court can fine the person or issue judgment for imprisonment to serve a term not exceeding ten years. The role assigned to him was so sensitive because he acted as the marketer to the outsiders who were interested in carrying business with the company. DeCloet (2009) said that Robert Milton has a lot of baggage that report on Business. This amount to bleach of duty and deviating from the main responsibilities to suit own self. The court of law can also place a ruling that will affect Khan who knowingly conducted the activities of hiring the incompetent staff. McCullough (2010) The Gen-X CEO takes his leave in Canadian Busines. Given the fact that he was regarded as an auctioneer he has no authority to place blame on others where the company failed to reach the target. He is liable under the law of tort for the civil wrong of other members who trusted him of being capable to run the company affairs. References DeCloet, R. (2009). Robert Milton has a lot of baggage that report on Business. Times press: Canada, https://search.proquest.com/docview/194550888 [December 17, 2012]. Dias, D. (2009). Good medicine in financial Post Magazine. Augean press: Germany. Alice, H., Steven, J. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders in Psychological Review. Hungarian press: Australia. Ebner, D. (2011). Printing money and report on business. Lite press: USA. https://search.proquest.com/docview/858415439 [December 17, 2012]. Gill, R. (2007). Gender and the media. Polity Press: United Kingdom. Grandy, Karen. (2011, June). The framing of female executive profiles in Canadian business magazines. Canadian press. New York. Heilman, E. (2001). Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes prevent womens ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 657674. Heldman, C. (2009). Sexism in media coverage of vice presidential candidates and the Social Science Research Network. Cadbury press: Britain. https://ssrn.com/abstract=1459865 [March 13, 2013]. Hewlett, S., Luce, C. (2005). Off-ramps and on-ramps: Keeping talented women on the road to success. Journal; of Harvard Business Review, 83, 4354. Johnston, D., Swanson, H. (2003). Undermining mothers content analysis of the representation of mothers in magazines. Journal mass Communication and Society, 6(3), 243265. Kingston, A. (2005). Why women cant get ahead in the globe and mail. Canadian press: New York. Koller, V. (2004). Businesswomen and war metaphors: Possessive, jealous and pugnacious Journal of Sociolinguistics, 8(1), 322. Linda A. (2002). Re-presenting women executives: Valorization and de revalorization in US business press. Journal of Women in Management Review, 17(3/4), 104119. Lee, P., James, E. (2007). Gender effects and investor reactions to the announcements of top executive appointments. Strategic Management Journal, 28, 227241. McCullough, M. (2010). The Gen-X CEO takes his leave in Canadian Business, https://search.proquest.com/docview/89199084 [December 17, 2012]. McElgunn, J., Shiffman, K. (2009). Canadas entrepreneurs of the decade. American press:New York. https://search.proquest.com/docview/219297153 [December 17, 2012]. McNish, J. (2011). Quiet revolution that Report on Business. Austria press: Australia.

Solar Energy Installation Project Management

Introduction Establishment of renewable energy resources to curb global warming is receiving immense support from a majority of the governments (Atkinson 2001). Atkinson claims, â€Å"People have used non-renewable sources of energy like coal and petroleum for a long time† (2001, p. 45).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Solar Energy Installation Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These sources have significantly contributed to the emission of greenhouse gases, prompting the nations to look for alternative sources of energy. The sun has proved to be the sole source of energy that does not contribute to environmental pollution. Moreover, the source of energy is inexhaustible and naturally acquired. What’s more, the cost of solar power continues to go down as many people appreciate its use in the society (Ghosh et al. 2002). It underlines the reason many institutions and households a re installing solar panels in their buildings. Project Overview Countries like India have also established â€Å"grid connected solar photovoltaic power systems as part of their action plan for climate change† (Goletsis, Psarras Samouilidis 2003, p.139). Many solar energy projects are in progress as countries respond to the call for environmental conservation. The sun is an excellent source of energy, but many people have not taken its advantage. The sun emits most of its energy in the form of heat and light, which can be harnessed and converted into other forms of energy for various uses (Haapasalo, Ingalsuo Lenkkeri 2006). Long ago, people used solar power to keep warm. They could use solar energy to start a fire and warm themselves. Later, some people came up with passive solar energy plans to keep their houses warm. They built their houses in such a way that the floors and walls could absorb heat energy from the sun and emit it during the night. With time, people learnt that the sun could act as an essential source of energy. In 1839, scientists discovered photovoltaic, which was a breakthrough in the history of humankind. According to Haralambopoulos and Polatidis, photovoltaic (solar) cells are â€Å"large-area semiconductors that convert sunlight directly into electricity† (2003, p. 967). Photovoltaics can be used in numerous gadgets, which include satellites, watches, telecommunication devices and in calculators. Photovoltaics are not widely used because they are very expensive. However, the reduction in cost of energy power should make photovoltaics affordable.  Changes in global fuel cost have led to many organisations losing a lot of money.Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Adoption of solar energy would go a long way towards saving the countries and companies from costs attributed to the energy crisis. The fact that solar energy is inexhaustible makes it the most reliable source of energy for business and nations at large (Kendrick 2009). It is alleged that the available oil reserves will only sustain the world for at most 40 years. It implies that countries will have to look for alternative sources of energy before the oil reserves get exhausted. Solar power is inexhaustible, which makes it the next source of energy that countries are likely to adopt.  The objective of solar energy installation project is to ensure that households get the most required light and heat energy. It is hard to run domestic chores without light and heat energy in the houses. Consequently, installing solar panels would go a long way to facilitate domestic duties. The project aims to equip 1000 households with solar panels by the end of six months. The installation will be the first phase of the project. Another objective of the project is to integrate families into the global campaign on environmental conservation. Homes , contribute to environmental pollution through the use of nonrenewable sources of energy like coal and petroleum. Installing solar power would lower the rate of environmental pollution linked to households. This project covers 3000 houses from the outskirts of London. Majority of the families outside the city of London rely on electric energy supplied by the government. The project intends to equip all the households with solar power by the end of one and a half years. The project will not involve non-governmental organisations and public facilities that might be found in the region that the project covers. It will strictly focus on domestic households.  One of the project’s deliverables is the establishment of proper procedures to facilitate installation of the solar panels. The other deliverable is the installation of solar power system in two households to demonstrate the realism of the project in outskirts of London. The project desires to encourage the society to embr ace solar energy as the only source of energy that is sustainable and does not contribute to environmental pollution. Work breakdown structure Kerzner alleges, â€Å"Success of project management depends, to a significant extent, on the manager’s ability to effectively specify the work contents of the project in terms of its activities and deliverables† (2009, p. 113). One of the instruments of planning and managing the activities of a project is work breakdown structure (WBS).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Solar Energy Installation Project Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kerzner alleges, â€Å"The work breakdown structure identifies and groups the project elements in a way that defines the overall range of the project† (2004, p. 75). Every lower level of the structure stands for a progressively more detailed definition of a project component (Kerzner 2004). The constituents may be in form of goods or services. In other words, the work breakdown structure is â€Å"a hierarchical representation of the work contents, whereby the project is divided into progressively smaller elements. The elements found at the lowest level of the hierarchy are known as work packages† (Rogers et al. 2008, p. 4219). The success of the project lies in the ability of the project manager to accurately identify, organise and run each work package. The entire work requires being broken down into a number of successive activities that work coherently to achieve the overall goals of the project (Solangi et al. 2011). The figure below represents the high-level planning workflow of solar energy system installation. Assessment report will involve analysing and reporting on the energy system that the homes are currently using to identify its merits and demerits. The report will give a detailed account of how the existing power system contributes to environmental pollution as w ell as it inefficiency (Cleland 2002). The compilation of assessment report will run concurrently with a pilot project aimed at determining feasibility of the intended project. The pilot project will help the managers to determine if the project will work. Besides, it will help the managers to understand how the society will respond to the project. The success of any project depends on how it is received by the target population. Prior to rolling out the project, it is imperative to conduct a pilot project to understand its reception.  The assessment report will help the project managers to have clear information about the project. It will assist them to evaluate and compare the cost of the project to its benefits.Advertising Looking for proposal on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, the report will give a clear regional input-output analysis, which is vital for the managers to know if the project will be of significant benefit to the society. The solar installation project is not only intended to help the community to cut down on environmental pollution, but it is also designed to help the nation to reduce its energy cost. Consequently, one of the work packages of the project will be to identify the existing energy service company (ESCO) billing structures and come up with a database for the same. The database will be crucial when determining the energy billing structure to adopt.  Another task that the installation project will cover will be carrying out an audit of the energy saving opportunities. One way of reducing energy cost is reducing the rate of energy consumption. Besides, it is imperative to lower the rate of energy consumption for solar energy to be enough. The audit will help the managers to identify possible ways of maximising the usage of solar energy. Besides, they will identify the available options of solar power projects and settle for the most efficient. Work breakdown dictionary ID Task name Description Duration Start Finish 1.0 Assessment report The report gives an account of the available energy system and its costs. It documents how the existing power system contributes to environmental pollution. 20 days Jan 10 ‘15 Jan 30 ‘15 1.1 Costs/Benefits analysis A cost/benefits analysis will be run to compare the existing and intended energy systems. The analysis will identify the current ESCO billing structure, possible alternative billing structures and establish a database for the same 20 days Feb 2 ‘15 Feb 22 ‘15 1.2 Identify energy saving opportunities A field study will be conducted to determine how the households utilise energy and come up with measures to save energy. On-site energy assessment will be done, and an energy review carried out. 20 days Feb 25 ‘15 Mar 17 ‘15 2.0 Pilot solar energy project Managers will run a pilot project to determine the feasibility of the project. The pilot project will help to determine if the community will embrace the intended project. 28 days Mar 20 ‘15 Apr 17 ‘15 2.1 Project design and implementation After the pilot project, managers will sit down with other employees to develop the overall solar installation project based on the findings of the pilot project. The end of the project plan will mark the onset of project implementation and monitoring 90 days Apr 20 ‘15 July 7 ‘15 Determining package size This project will use â€Å"hammock† activities to ascertain the degree of the lowest package. Many people believe that each work package ought to last for about 80 hours and not more than a month. It cannot happen in this project since it would lead to the establishment of millions of work packages. Therefore, the â€Å"hammock† activity will be used to break the task into smaller packages by splitting the total work into distinct and coherent sub-elements. Activity schedule The success of any project depends on the ability to organise and sequence activities in an orderly manner (White Fortune 2002). Project managers ought to identify the activities that are interdependent and sequence them accordingly. Besides, they need to determine the independent activities and schedule them in a way that they run concurrently to save on time. For decades, countries have incurred enormous economic loss due to the energy crisis (Huraib, Hasnain Alawaji 2007). The project will entail a number of activities, which will be implemented in a sequence to guarantee the success of the project. These activities will include compilation of assessment report to understand the degree of energy requirement. Additionally, the project managers will evaluate the costs and benefits of solar energy and analyse the existing ESCO billing structures. The project will b e preceded by a pilot project aimed at ascertaining the feasibility of the project. The following is the work plan for the project: S. No Position in WBS Activity Depending on Duration 1 1.0 Assessment report – 20 days 2 1.1 Costs/Benefits of current vs. previous energy – 6 days 3 1.1.0 Economic input/output RIO scrutiny 2 2 days 4 1.1.1 Analyse present ESCO billing – 5 days 5 1.1.2 Identify substitute ESCO’s billing 4 4 days 6 1.1.2.1 Establish a database of substitute 5 3 days 7 1.2 Identify possible energy saving opportunities – 7 days 8 1.2.1 Energy audit evaluation 7 3 days 9 1.2.2 Collect data – 4 days 10 1.2.3 Analyse data 9 3 days 11 1.2.2.0 On-site assessment 9 1 day 12 1.2.2.1 Energy review study 11 2days 13 2.0 Run pilot project 12 14 days 14 2.1 Project design 13 10 days 15 2.2 ID feasible solar energy project options 14 4 days 16 2.3 Implementation 15 3 months Project network It is imperat ive to identify the dependencies and to sequence them correctly in a network so as to come up with a project network (Andersen, Cook Marceau 2004). Dependencies are activities that depend on others and cannot be executed before the independent activities (Wustenhagen et al. 2007). The above schedule shows some of the dependence activities in this project. The importance of establishing the project network is to show the order in which the various activities will be executed. Besides, the system helps to identify the critical path, which shows the principal activities. Critical path facilitates in work prioritization to ensure that the project is completed on time. The network technique helps the project manager to identify where to start the project, the order of activities and where to end the project. Besides, the method helps the project manager to identify the relevant activities and trail their execution (Burke 1999). On the other hand, Gantt diagram helps the project manager to identify the various activities of the project. However, Gantt diagram does not allow the manager to determine the critical path. Instead, the manager ends up executing all the outlined activities without understanding their interdependence. For the Gantt technique, the project may take a long duration since it is hard to identify the critical path and the most important activities. The project will use optimization technique to allocate time to the various activities. It will guarantee that critical activities get adequate time. Additionally, it will ensure that managers do not take a lot of time on trivial activities. Resource estimation One of the benefits of breaking the work into smaller packages is that â€Å"it provides accurate cost control if and only if the line managers can determine the costs at this level of detail† (De Wit 2004, p. 167). The managers will use the Ratio Method to estimate the total cost of the project. The ratio method is a top-down approach, which is conducted through estimation (Vine 2005). The managers will do a rough estimate of the requisite resources based on what the project will require for its completion. Ratio Method technique does not require the elements of work breakdown structure. Nevertheless, the elements will help the project managers to understand the required resources based on workflow. For the activities that require an enormous amount of money and time, the project managers will do the estimations based on the available data from previous projects. It will be difficult for the managers to come up with a correct estimate of the cost of the entire project. However, the estimation process will be conducted in a way that takes into account the changes that might arise during project realization. Hence, financial estimates for each activity will be raised a bit to cater for any unforeseen changes.  A number of resources will be required to complete the project. They include both material and human res ources. In the case of human resource, the project will need experts in solar panel installation. The experts will be assigned the duty to install and manage the solar panels once the project managers learn that the project is feasible, and it receives support of the community. On the other hand, the project will require research and data analysts who will be responsible for researching on the existing solar energy installation projects. They will identify and analyse the challenges that the projects face, how the challenges are overcome and project feasibility. In the case of material resources, the project will require numerous resources, which range from solar panels, inverters, batteries and photovoltaic diodes. These resources are essential for the project to be complete. Below is a summary of the costs associated with the project. Resources Estimated cost ($) Human Resources $120,0000 Solar panels $40,000 Inverters $25,000 batteries $75,000 Photovoltaic diodes $15 ,000 Miscellaneous expenses $20,000 Total $295,000 Financial Manager will be responsible for controlling the cash flow during the timescale of the work package. The manager will liaise with procurement staff to purchase all the necessary materials. It is important that cash flow is managed from a central location to minimise wastage. Therefore, the finance manager will account for the money spent throughout the project. Risk assessment and conclusion The project faces a number of constraints, one of which is financial challenges. The cost of installing the solar power system is high. Besides, the amount of energy generated by the system is less relative to the energy produced by the non-renewable sources. Solar power relies on the sun. Hence, it would be hard for the families to use the energy, especially during winter seasons (Kern Howlett 2009). The families will be advised to cut down on their rate of energy consumption to curb these challenges.  Solar energy installati on projects are susceptible to a number of risks. The risks include financial risk, operational risk, technological risk, climate and the weather risk and construction risk. Financial risk may arise due to insufficient capital (Bing et al. 1999). On the other hand, operational risk may occur in the form of project closure due to scarcity of resources or component failure. Technological risk may arise as a result of the equipments not producing the expected amount of electric energy. Changes in the weather condition may also affect the project. Risk assessment matrix Risk identified Management Reactions Probability Cause of the risk Manageable Solution There might be insufficient financial resources Gathering adequate financial resources Low Poor planning Soliciting for funding from financial institutions The project may come to a halt due to inadequate resources Not starting the project before all resources are mobilised Very low Poor planning Mobilising resources before laun ching the project The equipments may not produce the required amount of energy Not purchasing equipments before they are tested Low Technical problem Purchasing electrical gadgets from authorised dealers There may be alterations in electricity generation Ensuring that solar panels are clean, and no snow covers them Low Natural cause Cleaning the solar panels regularly Conclusion The accomplishment of the solar energy installation project will depend on accurate identification of the work packages and proper allocation of human and financial resources. The work breakdown structure has been provided to help the project manager to identify all the activities that the project involves. Besides, a project network has been prepared to assist the project manager to prioritise the different activities. The project is vulnerable to numerous risks. However, if the management team conducts thorough preparation prior to starting the project, it will avert all the potential hazards. The o verall cost of the project stand at $295,000. To ensure that the project is completed on time, the management team should make sure that it has mobilized the necessary resources, and it has evaluated all the potential risks. Reference List Andersen, P, Cook, N Marceau, J 2004, ‘Dynamic innovation strategies and stable networks in the construction industry: Implanting solar energy projects in the Sydney Olympic Village’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 351-360. Atkinson, R 2001, ‘Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria’, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 337-342. Bing, L, Tiong, R, Fan, W Chew, D 1999, ‘Risk Management in International Construction Joint Ventures’, Journal of Construction Engineering Management, vol. 125, no. 4, pp. 277–284. Burke, R 1999, Project Management: Planning and Control Techniques, John Wiley Sons, Chichester. Cleland, D , 2002, Project Management: Strategic Design and Implementations, McGraw-Hill, London. De Wit, A 2004, ‘Measurement of project success’, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 164-170. Ghosh, D, Shukla, P, Garg, A Ramana, P 2002, ‘Renewable energy technologies for Indian power sector: mitigation potential and operational strategies’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 481-512. Goletsis, Y, Psarras, J Samouilidis, J 2003, ‘Project ranking in the American energy sector using a multicriteria method for groups’, Annals of Operations Research, vol. 120, no. 4, pp. 135-157. Haapasalo, H, Ingalsuo, K Lenkkeri, T 2006, ‘Linking strategy into operational management: A survey of BSC implementation in Finnish energy sector’, Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 701 – 717. Haralambopoulos, D Polatidis, H 2003, ‘Re newable energy projects: Structuring a multi-criteria group decision-making framework’, Renewable Energy, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 961-973. Huraib, F, Hasnain, S Alawaji, S 2007, ‘Lessons learned from solar energy projects in Saudi Arabia’, Renewable Energy, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1144-1147. Kendrick, T 2009, Identifying and Managing Projects Risk: Essential Tools for Failure-Proofing Your Project, John Wiley Sons, London. Kern, F Howlett, M 2009, ‘Implementing transition management as policy reforms: a case study of the Dutch energy sector’, Policy Sciences, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 391-408. Kerzner, H 2009, Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, John Wiley Sons, London. Kerzner, H 2004, Advanced Project Management: Best Practices on Implementation, John Wiley Sons, New Jersey. Rogers, J, Simmons, E, Convery, I Weatherall, A 2008, ‘Public perception of opportunities for community-based renewable energy project s’, Energy Policy, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 4217-4226. Solangi, K, Islam, M, Saidur, R, Rahim, N Fayaz, H 2011, ‘A review on global solar energy policy’, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol.15, no. 4, pp. 2149-2163. Vine, E 2005, ‘An international survey of the energy service company (ESCO) industry’, Energy Policy, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 691-704. White, D Fortune, J 2002, ‘Current practice in project management- an empirical study’, International Journal of Project Management, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-11. Wustenhagen, R, Wolsink, M Burer, M 2007, ‘Social acceptance of renewable energy innovation: an introduction to the concept’, Energy Policy, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 2683-2691. This proposal on Solar Energy Installation Project Management was written and submitted by user Qu1nt1n to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Automobile Industry in India Essay Essays

Automobile Industry in India Essay Essays Automobile Industry in India Essay Essay Automobile Industry in India Essay Essay Chennai histories for 60 % of the country’s automotive exports. In melody with international criterions to cut down vehicular pollution. the cardinal authorities unveiled the criterions titled ‘India 2000’ in 2000 with later upgraded guidelines as ‘Bharat Stage’ . These criterions are rather similar to the more rigorous European criterions and have been traditionally implemented in a phased mode. with the latest upgrade acquiring implemented in 13 metropoliss and subsequently. in the remainder of the state. The Automotive Industry has flourished in Pune Region in Maharashtra. What were the particular conditions were at that place for this development. Still Indian autos are non considered as a category in itself compared to European autos. India’s strong technology base and expertness in the fabrication of low-cost. fuel-efficient autos has resulted in the enlargement of fabricating installations of several car companies like Hyundai. Nissan. Toyota. Volkswagen and Maruti Suzuki In recent old ages. India has emerged as a taking centre for the industry of little autos. Indian trade names: AMW ( Asiatic motor works- Commersial vehicles ) . Eicher Motors ( tractors. Buss. constituents ) . Force ( Bajaj Tempo ) . Hindustan motors ( Birla. Ambassador auto. Joint venture with Mitsubishi ) . Premier ( Padmini. Moved from Mumbai to Pune ) . Tata. Mahindra. BharatBenz. Per capita incursion at around nine autos per 1000 people is among the lowest in the universe. While the industry is extremely capital intensifier in nature in instance of four-wheelers. capital strength is a batch less for two-wheelers. Though three-wheelers and tractors have low barriers to entry in footings of engineering. four Wheelers is engineering intensive. Costss involved in branding. distribution web and spare parts handiness addition entry barriers. With the Indian market traveling towards following with planetary criterions. capital outgo will lift to take into history future safety ordinances. Car big leagues increase profitableness by selling more units. As figure of units sold additions. mean cost of selling an incremental unit comes down. This is because the industry has a high fixed cost constituent. This is the cardinal ground why operating efficiency through increased localisation of constituents and maximising end product per employee is of significance. Maruti Suzuki. which is the market leader in PVs. had to cover with labour work stoppages at its works at Manesar as a consequence of which production was badly hit. As gasoline monetary values firmed up. the derived function between gasoline and Diesel widened. Therefore. there was a rush in demand for diesel autos. Most companies faced force per unit area at the operating degree as borders declined due to lift in input costs. Steep depreciation of the rupee besides took its toll. Tractors: While good monsoon is a positive for the sector. given the fact that non-farm incomes have continued to mount up. volumes should still keep up good in the longer run despite a twelvemonth or two of hapless monsoons. denationalization of choice province conveyance projects bodes good for the coach section.

Woody allen's films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Woody allen's films - Essay Example aracters’ problems too easily and therefore, his humor serves a detrimental purpose in draining away the potential value that his films could represent. This is opposed to the view of Nangy Pogel who affectionately refers to Allen as the â€Å"little man† and views his humor as a cartoonic representation of the Director. Girgus sees a more serious purpose behind Allen’s view and is of the view that it serves to deepen the intricacy of the narrative rather than detract from it. In his criticism of Allen’s films, Carney therefore differs from these other two authors in that he views the humor in Allen’s films as an element that detracts from the real value that his films could have. Carney is critical of Woody Allen’s use of humor in the context of the real problems that the characters in his films may face. He points to the example of Hannah’s drug problem in the film Hannah and her sisters. Holly has a serious problem of drug addiction, yet it is never presented as such in the film, although the problem is mentioned in almost every scene in which the character of Hannah appears. Her muddled state and her pleas for money while in a drug induced state are presented in an endearing rather than a frightening manner. She is openly shown taking drugs in only one scene, when she goes on a date with Mickey (played by Allen). Yet the scene that ensues after she takes drugs is full of gaffes and jokes and it ends up with Hannah being cured of her drug problem. This is another aspect that Carney is critical of – the manner in which serious problems are often revealed only at the end and then miraculously cured through the use of humor. In the film Annie Hall, when Annie is almost being induced to try drugs, the character of Alvy tries the drug and sneezes the powder all over the room, thereby dispelling the frightening moment when Annie could have slipped into that dangerous state in a puff of powder humor, and the problem ends right there and the time bomb is